Columbus, MT Frost Dates & Growing Season

The two dates every Columbus garden is planned around, plus ready-computed planting windows for the most popular crops.

Last spring frost
May 27
~50% chance of frost after
First fall frost
Sep 14
~50% chance of frost before
Growing season
110 days
frost-free stretch
USDA zone
≈ 5a
estimated from nearby reference
Risky (1 year in 10)MedianSafe (9 years in 10)
Last spring frost May 14 May 27 Jun 12
First fall frost Sep 28 Sep 14 Sep 1
Hard freeze (28°F), median last May 13 · first Sep 26

Computed from NOAA 1991–2020 climate normals at the COLUMBUS station. "Safe" means frost past that date happens only about one year in ten. Your exact garden can still run days either way with elevation and terrain — check your own ZIP with the frost date lookup.

Planting windows for Columbus

Computed from Columbus's own frost dates. Click any crop for the full zone-5 growing guide — varieties, spacing, fall plantings, and more.

CropStart seeds indoorsTransplantDirect sow
🍅 Tomatoes Apr 1 – Apr 15 Jun 3 – Jun 10
🫑 Peppers Mar 18 – Apr 1 Jun 10 – Jun 17
🥬 Lettuce Apr 15 – Apr 29 Apr 29 – May 13 Apr 29 – May 27
🫛 Peas Apr 15 – Apr 29
🥕 Carrots May 6 – May 27
🥦 Broccoli Apr 8 – Apr 22 May 6 – May 20
🥬 Kale Apr 15 – Apr 29 Apr 29 – May 13 Apr 29 – May 13
🥒 Cucumbers Apr 29 – May 6 Jun 3 – Jun 10 Jun 3 – Jun 10
🥒 Zucchini Apr 29 – May 6 Jun 3 – Jun 10 Jun 3 – Jun 10
🫘 Green Beans (Bush) Jun 3 – Jun 10
🌽 Sweet Corn Jun 3 – Jun 10
🌿 Basil Apr 15 – Apr 29 Jun 3 – Jun 10 Jun 10 – Jun 17
🧄 Garlic Fall: Aug 3 – Aug 31

Want this for all 50 crops, or as a printable seed-shelf schedule? Use the planting calendar and the seed starting scheduler — both can use Columbus's dates automatically after a lookup.

Reading the season in Columbus

At about 110 frost-free days, Columbus rewards efficiency: start warm-season crops indoors, favor short-season varieties, and lean on cold-tolerant crops — peas, kale, roots — that shrug off the shoulder-season frosts on either end.

Frequently asked questions

When is the last frost in Columbus, MT?

The average last spring frost in Columbus is around May 27, based on 1991–2020 climate normals. That's a median — about half of years see a later frost, so tender crops are safest going out a week or two after this date.

When is the first frost in Columbus, MT?

The average first fall frost in Columbus arrives around Sep 14. Crops still in the garden need to mature before then, and frost-tender plants need harvesting or protection as the date approaches.

How long is the growing season in Columbus?

About 110 frost-free days on average, from May 27 to Sep 14. That favors short-season varieties and transplants for warm-season crops, with cool-season vegetables doing the heavy lifting in spring and fall.

What USDA zone is Columbus in?

USDA zone 5a on the 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Note that zones describe winter cold, not frost timing — these frost dates are the numbers to plan plantings around.